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KMID : 0123420190240040331
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Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
2019 Volume.24 No. 4 p.331 ~ p.342
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Children’s Food Intake and Nutrition Levels, and Obesity by Maternal Employment: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015
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Kang Geuu-Yeong
Lee Yoon-Na
Um Mi-Hyang
Kye Seung-Hee
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Abstract
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Objectives: This study examines the intake of food and nutrients of children according to the employment and working hours of their mothers.
Methods: The married women in the source data from the 6th National Health and Nutrition Survey were classified into full-time working mothers, part-time working mothers and housewives according to the working type and the data on their children from 3 to 18 years old were analyzed using SAS 9.4.
Results: The group from 3 to 5 years old was the smallest group with 682 children (20.2%), followed by the group from 6 to 11 years with 1,345 children (39.8%) and the group from 12 to 18 years old with 1,355 children (40.1%). The lowest rates for having no breakfast and dinner were observed in the group with housewives (p<0.05).
The calcium and phosphorous intakes were the highest in the group with housewives at 61.9% and 126.8%, respectively, and the lowest in the group with full-time working mothers at 54.7% and 115.3%, respectively (p<0.05). The group with full-time working mothers had the highest rate in the calcium and iron intake less than the dietary reference intake at 74.9% and 30.0%, respectively. It indicated that the group with fulltime working mothers did not have sufficient nutrients as compared to the other two groups. Moreover, the group with the part-time working mothers showed the high vitamin A intake ratio of 41.4% (p<0.05).
Conclusions: This study found evidence of a negative association between mother’s employment status and children’s diet quality. The employment and economic activity of married women will continuously increase in the future. Therefore, a national nutrition policy is required to provide quality nutrition care for children in the households.
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KEYWORD
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National Health and Nutrition Survey, working mothers, children, nutritional status
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